Dicots-Lesson 38

1. Outline the wide diversity in the plant kingdom as examplified by the structural differences between bryophytes, filicinophytes, coniferophytes, and angiospermiophytes.

NON VASCULAR PLANT:

This means it lacks transport tissues. They are small and restricted to moist, terrestial environments. These plants do not possess "true roots."

Phylum: Bryophyta

-To the left is in image of moss. The top part are Sporophyte and they reproduce by spores. The bottom part are Rhizoids which anchor the entire plant into the ground.

-These include Mosses, liverworks, and hornworts.

Bryophytes are nonvascular and are small, herbaceous plants that grow closely together. They are also haploid.There are three types of Bryophytes: Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts. Bryophytes produce large multicellular sex organs for reproduction. Many Bryophytes are unisexual.



VASCULAR PLANTS:

This means it possess transport tissues. Also, the plant possess roots, stems, leaves, and stomata. These reproduce via spores (not seeds).

Phylum: Lycophyta


-To the left is an image of club moss. It is made of leaves.

-Filicinophytes are vascular plants. They have spores that produce in sporangia on the underside of the leaves. Filicinophytes have two types of spores microspores (male), and megaspores (female). They also have a specialized transport system.

-Angiospermophytes are flowering plants that form fruits after fertilization. They are heterosporous. Its spores form into flower, therefore bearing the name flowering plants. Angiospermophytes are vascular plants as well.

- To the left is a picture of an Angiospermophyte.

-This is a picture that shows the structure of an Angiospermophyte.

2. Draw a Dicot plant

3. Show the differences of the structure od a leaf, stem, and root.

4. Describe the function of the structures of a leaf.

The function of the leaf is to produce food through photosynthesis. The leaf is adapted by it's structure to carry out photosynthesis efficiently. The main part of the leaf is the leaf blade or lamina. It has a large surface area to absorb sunlight. The spongy mesophyll is also part of the plant's structure with it's loosely packed rounded cells and few choloroplasts. This tissue provies the main gas exchange surface so must be near the stomata in the lowe epidermis. The Palisade mesophyll is the main photosynthetic tissue and is poitioned near the upper surface where the light intensity is highest. The Xylem bring water to replace losses.

5. State the adaptations of a xerophyte.

Xerophytes are plants that lose certain abilities so they can adapt to the dry settings they are in. Some of these adaptations include:
-Spines instead of leaves, to reduce transpiration
-Thick stems containing water storage tissue
-Very thick waxy cuticle covering the stem
-Vertical stems to absorb sunlight early and late in the day but not at midday, when the light is most intense.

6. List the adaptations of hydrophytes.

Hydrophytes are the oppostie of Xerophytes. This is because they aapt themselves to a more aqueous environment. Some of these adaptations include:

-Air spaces in the leaf (so that they provie bouyancy.)
-Stomata in the upper epidermis of the leaf (which is in contact with the air but not in the lower epidermis.)